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According to Daniel Lerner’s theory, what is the key factor that helps traditional societies
become modern?

(A) Embracing western manufacturing technology
(B) Increasing urbanization

(C) Western political structures

(D) Mass communication

In Lerner’s model of modernization, what role did empathy play in the transformation of
traditional societies into modern ones?

(A) Empathy was not considered in his model

(B) Empathy was the primary factor driving modernization

(C) Empathy was a key psychosocial factor in the modernization process
(D) Empathy was only relevant for Western countries

According to Wilbur Schramm’s communication model, what is a key factor that impacts the
interpretation of a message?

(A) The medium of communication

(B) The length of the message

(ಲ) The encoding process

(0) The receiver’s background, experience, and knowledge

According to Schramm’s model, when is communication considered incomplete or ineffective?
(A) When the message is transmitted through a medium
(B) When encoding and decoding take place
(C) When feedback is provided by the receiver
(D) When there is no feedback from the receiver

According to Everett Rogers’ theory of diffusion of innovations, what are the four key
elements of diffusion?

(A) Ideas communication channels time, and human capital

(2) Innovations, communication channels, time and social system
(C) Innovations, persuasion, knowledge, and confirmation

(D) Ideas, communication channels, social system and authority

In the context of the Diffusion of Innovation theory, which stage involves individuals seeking
details and information about a new innovation and showing a strong interest in it?

(ಸಿ) Decision (B) Implementation
(C) Confirmation (D) Persuasion

What is the primary purpose of a development strategy?
(A) To define economic priorities and identify policy tools
(B) To engage stakeholders and policy makers
(C) To establish conducive environments for social development
(D) To promote information exchange for social change

230/2023 8 A